Flavonoids in cannabis are a group of naturally occurring compounds that contribute to the plant's pigmentation, aroma, and potential therapeutic effects. They are part of a larger family of polyphenolic compounds found in many plants, known for their antioxidant properties and involvement in plant defense mechanisms.
In cannabis, flavonoids are primarily expressed in the following ways:
Pigmentation: Flavonoids play a key role in the coloration of cannabis, particularly in the flowers. They contribute to the yellow, red, and purple hues found in certain cannabis strains. For example, the flavonoid anthocyanin can impart purple or blue tones, which are visible in some cannabis buds, especially under cooler growing conditions.
Aroma and Flavor: Flavonoids contribute to the aroma and flavor profile of cannabis. While terpenes are the primary compounds responsible for the scent and taste of cannabis, flavonoids can complement and enhance these characteristics. The presence of flavonoids like quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin can create a more complex and nuanced flavor and aroma experience.
Health Benefits: Cannabis contains several flavonoids with potential therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. For instance, canflavins (unique to cannabis) have been identified as possessing anti-inflammatory effects that may help in managing pain or inflammation.
Genetic Expression: Flavonoids are synthesized in cannabis through a biochemical pathway involving enzymes such as chalcone synthase and flavonoid 3-hydroxylase. The expression of specific flavonoids in cannabis is influenced by both genetic factors and environmental conditions, such as temperature, light, and stress.
Flavonoids in cannabis are less studied than cannabinoids and terpenes, but they are gaining more attention for their potential contributions to the overall effects and therapeutic properties of the plant. Different cannabis strains may express varying amounts and types of flavonoids depending on their genetics and cultivation conditions